Monoclonal antibodies derive from a single unique parent cell. These single-parent cells are from hybrid antibody-expressing cells (Hybridomas), typically made by fusing myeloma cells with spleen cells from a host that has been immunized with the target antigen. Compared to polyclonal antibodies, monoclonal antibodies tend to be highly specific, reacting with only one epitope on the target antigen and reducing non-specific cross-reactivity. This lower cross-reactivity also results in lower background signal, allowing for clear, easy-to-read results.
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