Recombinant Anti-CTLA4 Fab Antibody

Background

CTLA-4 (Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Antigen 4) is also known as CD152 (Cluster of differentiation 152), is a protein receptor that functions as an immune checkpoint and downregulates immune responses. CTLA4 is constitutively expressed in regulatory T cells but only upregulated in conventional T cells after activation – a phenomenon which is particularly notable in cancers. It acts as an "off" switch when bound to CD80 or CD86 on the surface of antigen-presenting cells. CTLA4 is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily. The protein contains an extracellular V domain, a transmembrane domain, and a cytoplasmic tail. Alternate splice variants, encoding different isoforms. CTLA4 is similar to the T-cell co-stimulatory protein, CD28, and both molecules bind to CD80 and CD86, also called B7-1 and B7-2 respectively, on antigen-presenting cells. CTLA4 transmits an inhibitory signal to T cells, whereas CD28 transmits a stimulatory signal. Intracellular CTLA4 is also found in regulatory T cells and may be important to their function. T cell activation through the T cell receptor and CD28 leads to increased expression of CTLA-4, an inhibitory receptor for B7 molecules. Fusion proteins of CTLA4 and antibodies (CTLA4-Ig) have been used in clinical trials for rheumatoid arthritis. This antibody is made from a humanized Fab fragment of anti-CTLA4, ipilimumab or Yervoy, the first FDA approved immune checkpoint blockade therapy for cancer treatment. Humanized Recombinant Anti-CTLA4 fragment Antibody is useful for researchers interested in cancer research, immunodeficiency, and autoimmune diseases.