VEGF Pathway Antibodies

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a master regulator of angiogenesis, vascular permeability, and endothelial cell survival. VEGF-A, the prototypical isoform, binds to VEGFR-1 (Flt-1) and VEGFR-2 (KDR/Flk-1) on endothelial cells, triggering vessel sprouting and remodeling in both physiological and pathological contexts¹².

VEGFs are secreted by multiple cell types, including stromal, hematopoietic, and tumor cells, in response to hypoxia or growth-factor stimulation. Knockout studies in mice demonstrate that loss of VEGF or its receptors leads to fatal defects in vascular development³.

VEGF Signaling Pathway

VEGF Receptors and Downstream Cascades

Upon VEGF-A binding, VEGFR-2 undergoes ligand-induced dimerization and autophosphorylation on key tyrosine residues, creating docking sites for multiple adaptor proteins. Recruitment of PI3K to phospho-VEGFR-2 generates PIP₃ at the plasma membrane, which in turn recruits and activates AKT, promoting endothelial cell survival and nitric oxide production⁴. Simultaneously, the Shc–Grb2–SOS complex associates with the receptor, triggering Ras activation and the downstream MEK1/2–ERK1/2 cascade that drives endothelial proliferation and migration⁴. At the same time, PLCγ binds to phosphorylated VEGFR-2, hydrolyzing PIP₂ into IP₃ and DAG; the resulting rise in intracellular Ca²⁺ and activation of PKC modulate vascular permeability and cytoskeletal reorganization⁴.

Recombinant VEGF Ligands

Recombinant VEGF ligands are essential reagents for dissecting VEGF signaling dynamics in vitro. Our collection of VEGF-165, VEGF-121, VEGF-120, and endocrine gland VEGF isoforms enables precise control of ligand concentration in biochemical binding assays, receptor activation studies, and dose-response experiments. By using these high-purity, endotoxin-tested proteins, researchers can accurately characterize receptor affinity, calibrate ELISAs, and probe downstream signaling events in cellular systems, ensuring reliable and reproducible results.

Suggested Products for VEGF Research

To facilitate comprehensive interrogation of VEGF-mediated angiogenesis and vascular function, we offer a suite of rigorously validated reagents. Below you’ll find recombinant VEGF ligands for biochemical and cell-based assays, VEGF-specific antibodies for detection and localization, quantitative ELISA kits for measuring VEGF and receptor levels, and recombinant VEGFR and co-receptor constructs for functional and binding studies. Browse the sections, Recombinant Ligands, Antibody Products, ELISA Kits, and VEGFR & Co-Receptor Reagents, to select the tools best suited to your experimental needs.

VEGF Antibodies

Recombinant VEGF Ligands

VEGF ELISA Kits

VEGFR & Co-receptor Reagents